The patient should be informed to also alert any treating physician. Superior pancreaticoduodenal veinjoins the portal vein behind the very first part of duodenum. The left sided IVC originates in the left iliac vein and drains into the left renal vein (arrows) to join the right IVC (I) and form a single vein superior to the renal vessels. The third and fourth lumbar veins usually enter the posterior aspect of the inferior vena cava but the first and second lumbar veins are more variable. Hepatic portal vein. The liver can be divided into 9 segments and the right hepatic vein drains segments VI and VII as well as parts of segments V and VIII. The superior anatomic assessment provided by MRI or MDCT of the abdomen and pelvis makes them the modalities of choice at the time of making the final diagnosis. It receives the left gonadal vein and crosses posterior to the aorta to join the IVC (Fig. Renal Veins. Are you ready to learn? With left IVC, the IVC is positioned to the left of the abdominal aorta. Branches of abdominal aorta: a) lumbar arteries b) inferior epigastric arteries c) middle adrenal arteries d) superior diaphragmatic arteries a) lumbar arteries b) inferior epigastric arteries c) middle It is formed by the union of the common iliac veins at the level of the body of L5. Close to the inferior vena cava, it is found anterior to the aorta and inferior to the superior mesenteric artery. Budd-Chiari in the hepatic veins extending into the IVC. 3 abdominal wall tributaries: inferior phrenic vein and third and fourth lumbar veins. Cross-section images provide the best diagnosis of the patency of the veins. In 63% of cases betwe … It has a short intra-thoracic course before draining into the right atrium at the inferior cavoatrial junction. The patients typically present lower extremity edema and subcutaneous collateral veins in the abdominal wall. Deviations in the complex embryogenesis of the IVC may result in an overall 4% of anatomic variants in the general population. Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. The detection of anatomic variants in the renal veins is particularly important at the time of surgical planning for kidney donation. Hepatic veins. D, Sagittal MIP reformat shows the azygos (A) continuation of the right IVC and how it connects to the SVC (S) through the azygos arch. At the level of the renal veins, the second lumbar vein usually joins the inferior vena cava but it may occasionally drain into the third lumbar vein or the ascending lumbar vein. With partial or complete absence of the IVC, large gonadal and parauterine veins can be seen. Early in embryogenesis, there are two renal veins for each kidney: ventral and dorsal. Write. Dimitrios Mytilinaios MD, PhD Examples of this technique include T4-weighted spin echo and single shot T2-weighted imaging (e.g., SSFSE, HASTE), which can provide excellent anatomic assessment almost free of motion artifacts. It was established that in past hepatic part of IVC fall from 7 to 23 veins. In female patients, enlarged gonadal and pelvis veins can simulate pelvic congestion syndrome. 110-4). Maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstructions or 3D volume rendering may also be useful to demonstrate complex anatomic relationships. In each condition, there are documented variations in the course and tributaries of the IVC. A, CECT of the abdomen shows a left renal vein crossing anterior to the aorta (arrow). Some problems that can develop within the inferior vena cava include compression and thrombosis. Three main hepatic veins and some minor hepatic veins drain the liver and join the inferior vena cava. It drains directly into the right atrium. Treatment involves anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy and may involve liver transplantation if the liver disease progresses to decompensated cirrhosis. First, those corresponding to the anterior visceral branches of the aorta form the portal vein, which passes into the liver at the porta hepatis. Leiomyosarcomas of the IVC arise from the smooth muscle cells in the vessel wall. Retroaortic left renal vein: The renal vein crosses posterior to the aorta to join the IVC. Tributaries of Inferior Vena Cava. Palpable, painful mass could be the presentation for some tumors (i.e., renal cell carcinoma or large retroperitoneal sarcomas). Partial or complete absence of IVC: The variants of this anomaly include complete absence of the entire IVC which may include the iliac veins as well and partial absence of IVC with preservation of the suprarenal segment. As it ascends the abdominal cavity, the IVC picks up blood from numerous tributaries in the order listed here (fig. 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